Part 1 of 2

There’s good reason why we hear this so often. Osteoarthritis (known as OA) is the most common musculoskeletal disease in the world and a prevalent factor in work absences, temporary or permanent disability, hospital admissions, and use of pain-management drugs. While OA can develop in any joint, the knee is most typically affected.

OA develops in response to a chronic inflammatory response in which there is progressive deterioration of the cartilage and narrowing of the joint space. The mechanical function of the entire joint, including adjacent bone and soft tissue (ligaments, muscles, and tendons), can become impaired. This can lead to pain, stiffness, and swelling in the joint. There may also be stiffness or cramping in the adjacent muscles. Factors that cause OA include:

• joint injury
• overuse related to sport, physical activity, or job conditions
• obesity
• age (particularly over age 50)
• smoking
• lack of exercise or excessive exercise
• diabetes
• hormonal changes related to menopause